Dr. Yehudah Mirsky is a fellow of the Jewish People Policy Planning Institute in Jerusalem and does research in Mahshevet Yisrael and Political Thought. He served in the Clinton Administration as Special Advisor in the U.S. State Department's Human Rights Bureau. This paper was originally written for, and published by, the Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, in anticipation of the Israel President's Conference sponsored by President Shimon Peres in May 2008, and is reprinted by permission from Rami Tal and Barry Geltman, eds., Facing Tomorrow: Background Policy Documents (Jerusalem, Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, 2008). Thanks to the staff of JPPPI and especially Ruth Yaron for very helpful comments and suggestions.